文献分享 上海交通大学张志刚课题组最新文章 揭示CTHRC1在肝纤维化中新机制 或可成为肝纤维化研究新靶标
前言
肝脏是人体的代谢中心站,而早期的肝脏损伤容易被忽视,进而发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝癌。肝纤维化是指由各种致病因子所致肝内结缔组织异常增生,任何肝脏损伤在肝脏修复愈合的过程中都有肝纤维化的过程,如果损伤因素长期不能去除,纤维化的过程长期持续就会发展成肝硬化。近期上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院,上海肿瘤研究所张志刚教授课题组在EBioMedicine 杂志上发表最新文章,揭示肝纤维化调节新机制。文章基本信息
标题:Autocrine CTHRC1 activates hepatic stellate cells and promotes liver fibrosis by activating TGF-β signaling
发表杂志:EBioMedicine
作者单位:上海交通大学
研究背景
肝纤维化是一种常见的疾病,主要由各种慢性肝损伤引起,包括病毒性、酒精性、药物性、胆汁淤积性和代谢性疾病。尽管近年来已确定了一些解决问题的关键因素,但临床试验仍缺乏有效的治疗方法和可靠的生物标志物来监测其进展。因此,迫切需要寻找更有效的治疗靶点来改善治疗效果,以及监测纤维化进展的潜在生物标志物。
胶原三股螺旋重复蛋白1(CTHRC1),是一种分泌蛋白,在脊索动物中高度保守,在低等物种如苍蝇和蠕虫中没有发现同源物。CTHRC1最初是在球囊损伤与正常大鼠动脉中差异表达基因的筛选中发现的。随后的研究发现,CTHRC1参与了许多生理和病理过程,包括血管重塑、骨形成、发育形态发生、炎症性关节炎和癌症进展。
CTHRC1通过TGF-β和Wnt信号通路调控HSC行为的模型
实验方法:
用四氯化碳(CCl4)或硫代乙酰胺(TAA)诱导野生型(WT)或CTHRC1−/−小鼠肝纤维化,免疫荧光和免疫组化分析。用CTHRC1单克隆抗体(MAB)消除CTHRC1在体内外的作用。
具体实验步骤如下:准备临床样本,细胞培养,小鼠模型建立,然后原代星状细胞分离,后续重组CTHRC1蛋白表达、纯化及验证,CTHRC1单克隆抗体制备,然后免疫组化、免疫荧光检测,慢病毒生产和细胞转染,蛋白质免疫印记,siRNA 转染,荧光定量PCR,最后再进行迁移分析,统计学分析。
实验结果数据
CTHRC1在体外促进体HSC活化、迁移和收缩
A. Representative immunofluorescence images of phalloidin (green) and α-SMA (red) in primary HSCs after 7 days isolated from WT and CTHRC1−/− mice. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm.
B. Immunofluorescence images of phalloidin (green) and α-SMA (red) in primary rat HSCs after 4 days, which were treated with vehicle, 20 nM purified recombinant CTHRC1 (rCTHRC1) protein alone, and 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm.
C. Collagen gel contraction assay of LX-2 treated with 0 nM, 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein alone, and 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG (n = 3 each group). Statistical analysis of collagen gel contractionis was shown below.
D. Collagen gel contraction assay of LX-2/lenti-vector and LX-2/lenti-CTHRC1 (n = 3 each group). Statistical analysis was shown below.
E. Representative images of LX-2 migration treated with 0 nM, 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein alone, and 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG, respectively (n = 3 each group). Scale bars, 100 μm. Statistical analysis of cell migration of LX-2 treated with 0 nM, 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein alone, and 20 nM or 50 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG was shown below.
F. Representative images of LX-2/lenti-vector and LX-2/lenti-CTHRC1 cell migration (n = 3 each group). Scale bars, 100 μm. Statistical analysis of cell migration of LX-2/lenti-vector and LX-2/lenti-CTHRC1 was shown below. *P < .05, **P < .01.
CTHRC1可激活TGF-β和Wnt信号传导,而CTHRC1对HSC激活的促进作用主要依赖于TGF-β信号传导
A. The expression of α-SMA in primary HSCs after 7 days isolated from WT and CTHRC1−/−mice.
B. The expression of α-SMA in primary rat HSCs after 4 days, which were treated with vehicle, 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein alone, and 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG.
C. Western blotting analysis of phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, JNK, total Smad4 and expression of Wnt5a in five liver tissues of WT or CTHRC1−/− mice intraperitoneally injected with CCl4. GAPDH was the loading control. The densitometry of p-Smad2/Smad2 was shown below.
D. Phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, JNK, total Smad4 and expression of Wnt5a in primary rat HSCs, which were treated with vehicle, 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein, and 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus CTHRC1 mAb or IgG for 1, 3, 5 days, individually. GAPDH was the loading control. The densitometry of p-Smad2/Smad2 was shown below.
E and F. Representative immunofluorescence images of α-SMA (green in E, red in F) in primary rat HSCs after 4 days, which were treated with vehicle, 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein, and 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus neutralizing antibodies or inhibitor as follows: TGFBR2 neutralizing antibody or TGF-β receptor inhibitor (E), Wnt5a or Wnt3a neutralizing antibody (F). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm.
G. The expression of α-SMA in primary rat HSCs after 4 days, which were treated with vehicle, 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein, and 20 nM rCTHRC1 protein plus TGFBR2 neutralizing antibody or TGF-β receptor inhibitor. GAPDH was the loading control.
结论
在本试验中,CTHRC1,一种从肝星状细胞(HSCs)分泌的蛋白质,在纤维化肝组织中显著上调。CTHRC1通过激活TGF-β信号,促进HSCs从静止状态转变为激活状态,并增强HSCs的迁移或收缩能力。同时,CTHRC1与Wnt非经典受体竞争性结合,促进了HSC的收缩而非激活。CCl4或TAA诱导的肝纤维化在CTHRC−/−小鼠中与小剂量对照组相比有所减弱,而CTHRC1单克隆抗体在用CCL4或TAA治疗的WT小鼠中抑制肝纤维化。数据表明CTHRC1可能是肝纤维化的一个有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点。
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